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Purpose. Substantiation of the effect of fertilization system used for sugar beet and methods of tillage on the formation of the nutritional regime in short crop rotation.Methods. Field, analytical, and statistical.Results. The study was carried out as a long-term stationary experiment in the zone of insufficient soil moisture on the typical slightly-saline chernozem in short grain-hoed crop rotation with the share of grain crops of 75 % and hoed crops of 25 %. Sugar beets were grown in the unit with soybean and winter wheat. Soil tillage in crop rotation included ploughing and combined tillage. It was found that when applying 25 t/ha of manure + N90P90K90 to sugar beet during the period of sugar beet sprouting, the content of alkaline hydrolysed nitrogen in the arable soil layer for ploughing and combined tillage increases by 33.0 and 43.0 mg/kg, compared with the unfertilized treatment and stabilizes at 143.0 and 157.0 mg/kg. With straw ploughed into the soil + N140P90K90, it was 141.0 and 145.0 mg/kg of soil. The content of mineral nitrogen in the soil was the highest during the sugar beet sprouting period with straw + N140P90K90, both with ploughing and combined tillage up to 26.9 and 27.0 mg/kg of soil, which was not inferior to the use of 25 t/ha of manure + N90P90K90. Influenced by the use of 25 t/ha of manure + N140P90K90, the content of mobile phosphorus in typical slightly saline chernozem during the sugar beet sprouting period increased almost twice compared to the unfertilized background and stabilized at 59.0 mg/kg, while its stock was 22.1 kg/ha. The use of an organo-mineral fertilization system for sugar beets promotes the increase in exchange potassium content under different tillage systems in the period of sugar beet sprouting from 152.0 to 158.0 mg/kg.Conclusions. The use of 25 t/ha of manure + N90P90K90 and straw + N140P90K90 for sugar beet increases the content of mineral nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, and exchange potassium during the growing season. The practice of ploughing and combined tillage under sugar beet against the background of fertilizers does not affect the redistribution of the nutrients in both the ploughed soil and the subsoil during vegetation season. |
