Minorities into Migrants: Making and Un-Making Central and Eastern Europe’s Ethnic German Diasporas
| Autor: | Rainer Ohliger, Rainer Münz |
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| Rok vydání: | 2002 |
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| Zdroj: | Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies. 11:45-83 |
| ISSN: | 1911-1568 1044-2057 |
| DOI: | 10.3138/diaspora.11.1.45 |
| Popis: | Modern German history was shaped by a number of peculiarities and unique developments. One such peculiarity was the continuous flux of territorial as well as ethno-political borders and the strong politicization of policies towards internal and external ethnic minorities. The divergence between state(s) and ethnic nation provided for constant conflicts that were at the basis of changing borders and shifting identities. Not least of all, it created a German diaspora, in particular in Central and Eastern Europe. A crucial event in this process was the establishment of the first German nation-state in 1871. After its establishment, a considerable number of ethnic Germans continued to live outside the state’s borders, most of them in the Austro-Hungarian Empire and in czarist Russia. Territorial and border changes in the aftermath of two world wars intensified (but paradoxically also alleviated) tensions between state, ethnic nation, and their divergence. Contested belonging opened the field for diaspora politics and homeland migration. Namely, the 1919 peace treaties of Versailles, Saint-Germain, and Trianon, which formally ended World War I and reshaped European political geography, left large numbers of the German-speaking population living outside the borders of Germany and Austria. The establishment of new borders led to the creation of new ethnic German minorities in Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Romania, France, and Italy. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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