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This paper has two objectives: to identify a set of performance levels for automobiles that will substantially help in dealing with the global problems; and to identify interesting combinations of technologies that can satisfy the criteria. Automobile oil consumption is a significant contributor to major global problems such as security and oil supply, the possible return of OPEC oil pricing power, and, through the associated emissions, to global warming, acidification, and urban air pollution. Strategies to deal with these major world problems necessarily involve automobiles - particularly their fuel economy, emissions, and choice of fuel. Efforts to improve these performance factors will have to take into account the transportation demands associated with an increasing world population and economic growth. The crucial question here is whether the world can find ways to meet transportation demands, while reducing automobiles' staggering external costs. |
