| Popis: |
Based on experimental and theoretical data, the possibility of using lead oxides in the production of radiation-protective materials based on building gypsum was established. The influence of lead oxides of various compositions, such as β-PbO, β-Pb3O4, and α-PbO2, on the physical, mechanical, and radiation-protective properties of gypsum composites was studied. It is established that the physical and mechanical characteristics of composite materials significantly depend on their structure, which in turn depends on the composition of lead oxide. The material based on BG and β-Pb3O4 consists of large gypsum crystals with a layered-batch structure. In contrast, the material based on BG and α-PbO2 is represented by elongated thin prismatic gypsum crystals wrapped in a fine-crystalline mass of filler. No new compounds were found in the construction gypsum lead oxides system, which indicates a weak interaction between the filler and the binder. A composite finishing material for biological protection against ionizing radiation with a linear attenuation coefficient of 1.76–2.11 cm−1 was obtained on the basis of building gypsum and lead oxides. Composites based on BG and β-Pb3O4 have higher strength characteristics than those based on other lead oxides, which is due to their high dispersion and the presence of lead atoms in different degrees of oxidation. Compositions of composite materials are proposed. |
