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Five species of Trichoderma fungi (i.e., T. harzianum (MW718882), T. lixii (MW719563), T. ghanens (MW719590), T. virens (MW719876), and T. atroviride (MW719255) and their mutant isolates i.e., T. harzianum mutant (NAS108 M1), T. lixii mutant (NAS114-M17), T. ghanens mutant (ON545796), T. virens mutant (NAS115 M17), and T. atroviride mutant (NAS112M2) were used to produce three types of biological fertilizers, on the pinto bean were studied. Experiments with seven treatments: control (non-inoculation), biopriming seed with mixture of spores for seed treatment (wild type and mutant), suspension of isolates (talc based) (wild type and mutant) and treatment of spores mixture in soil (wild type and mutant) at the Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute in the form of a completely randomized design with four replications were done. The concentration of soluble protein, proline content, malondialdehyde, chlorophyll a, b, and carotenoids, and the activity of enzyme peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in leaf samples treated with Trichoderma fungus biofertilizer were compared with control. Protein profiles were studied in bean leaf using SDS-PAGE test and the activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes and determination of its enzyme subunits were investigated using the zymogram method. The results showed that the best effect of the bean plant was from biopriming seeds with mixture of spores for seed treatment. The concentration of Protein, proline, chlorophylls and carotenoids in the Trichoderma treatments was higher than control. Also, the level of activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes was more than control in fungal treatments. Changes were observed in protein SDS-PAGE. The zymogram also showed changes that were due to the presence of the Trichoderma treatments. The rate of peroxidase bands in treatments was much higher than the control. It was also altered in the zymogram from polyphenol oxidase and there was no band on the control. Overall, the results of this experiment showed that the use of Trichoderma fungi is suitable for improving the physiological characteristics of beans and the plant makes the changes desirable. |
