| Popis: |
Introduction: After the confirmation and publication of the phenomenon known as osseointegration by Brånemark, dental implants have been used to repair total and partial edentulous jaws. However, the implants were long and had to be longer than 11 mm to be considered functional. Short implants compared to long ones require less remaining bone, reducing the patient's exposure to surgeries for bone grafting, the elevation of the maxillary sinus mucosa, and repositioning of the inferior alveolar nerve. Added to this, several dental treatments have benefited from this digital advance. Objective: To review the literature on short implants installed in both dental arches, evaluating their advantages, disadvantages, indications, and contraindications in the context of virtual surgery. Methods: The present study followed a systematic review model (PRISMA). The search strategy was performed in the PubMed, Scielo, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Results: A total of 110 articles were found, 64 articles were evaluated and 35 were rejected for not meeting the GRADE classification, and only 29 articles were used in this study to compose the textual part. Based on these findings, it was found that in remote years, authors reported that regions with reduced bone height are favored with the use of short implants not only because of their dimensions but also because of their surface treatment, which suggests that it is an important factor for achieving 100% success rates. The advantages of short implants are related to the simplicity of the technique, installation of implants in remaining bone, avoidance of bone grafts that present questionable results in the increases in height of the posterior alveolar ridge of the mandible, reduction of treatment time, and reduction of costs for the patient. A systematic review and meta-analysis studies analyzed the accuracy of implant placement using computer-guided surgery. A randomized study compared the precision of guided planning of new computer-assisted implant placement techniques, based on models that use CAD/CAM. Conclusion: It was concluded that short implants are a reliable, safe, and practical alternative to be used in any necessary location or situation. They do not show bone loss or resorption over the years, nor are they at risk of fracture or any damage to patients. They are safe to use, as long as they have an adequate design, therefore, fundamental tools in the dental clinic. |
