| Popis: |
This chapter presents details related to immobilization of enzymes at biosensor surfaces using spontaneous self-assembly phenomenon. Biosensor devices require the coupling of biomolecules with physical or chemical transducers. Many biomolecule immobilization strategies have been developed including nonspecific adsorption, physical entrapment, chemical cross-linking, electropolymerization, and covalent attachment schemes. As demand increases for reliable, sophisticated, and economical biosensors, so will incentives for mass fabricating integrated biosensor arrays. Future generations of biosensors will require immobilization chemistries that are: (1) compatible with microelectronic fabrication procedures; (2) facilitate patterned immobilization of multiple biomolecules; and (3) produce biomembranes with nanometer to micrometer dimensions. The strong and selective binding of up to four biotin molecules by avidin enables this protein to be used as a molecular “glue” to bridge two biotin-functionalized species. It is anticipated that the mild reaction conditions, nanoscale dimensions, and spontaneous character of molecular self-assembly processes will facilitate the immobilization and patterning of biomolecules in mass fabricated biosensor arrays. |
