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Deep-sea deposits were first explored in a comprehensive fashion during the British Challenger Expedition (1872–1876). Many thousands of samples were studied by the Scottish naturalist John Murray (1841–1914), participant of the expedition and chief pioneer of deep-sea geology. He and his coworker, the Belgian geologist A.F. Renard (1842–1903), published a weighty report on the results, a tome that laid the foundation for later research in the field of deep-sea geology, with emphasis on sediments. The first distinct step beyond Murray’s Challenger-based studies was taken almost half a century later by the German Meteor Expedition (1927–1929), a cruise that took regularly spaced short cores in the central Atlantic. A new branch of oceanography started with the recovery of long cores (7 m, typically) on a global scale by the Swedish Albatross Expedition (1947–1949), that is, Pleistocene paleoceanography. It started the revolution of our understanding of climate and ice ages. |
