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Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced worldwide by Fusarium fungi, principally F. moniliforme. While this fungus can be cultured from virtually all harvested corn, fumonisin production is highly variable. Fumonisin ingestion induces a number of fatal diseases in animals, with the organ specificity being species dependent. The first animal toxicoses to be characterized were leukoencephalomalacia (‘‘moldy corn poisoning’’) in equines and pulmonary edema in swine. Fumonisins additionally produce mild to fatal toxicity in liver, kidney and heart in horses, pigs, cattle, sheep, chickens, ducks, rabbits, rats and mice. Prolonged administration of high doses of fumonisin B1 causes carcinoma of hepatocytes and bile ducts in rats. In man, habitual ingestion of corn products that contain a high concentration of fumonisins is associated epidemiologically with cancer of the esophagus.The pathogenesis of injury to target organs is not understood completely. Affected kidneys and livers are characterized by individ... |
