Evaluation of cobalt as a performance enhancing drug (PED) in racehorses
| Autor: | K. Malinowski, George Maylin, Kenneth H. McKeever, W.C. Duer, Clara Fenger |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Drug
medicine.medical_specialty 040301 veterinary sciences Physiology Performance-enhancing drugs Veterinary (miscellaneous) Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism media_common.quotation_subject Biophysics chemistry.chemical_element Biochemistry 0403 veterinary science 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Physiology (medical) Medicine Orthopedics and Sports Medicine media_common biology business.industry Athletes 030229 sport sciences 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences biology.organism_classification chemistry Physical therapy business Cobalt |
| Zdroj: | Comparative Exercise Physiology. 16:243-252 |
| ISSN: | 1755-2559 1755-2540 |
| DOI: | 10.3920/cep200001 |
| Popis: | Cobalt is a required trace element in animals, but administration in excess is considered dangerous and potentially performance enhancing in equine athletes. This study seeks to determine if cobalt may actually act as a performance enhancing drug (PED) by altering biochemical parameters related to red blood cell production as well as markers of aerobic and anaerobic exercise performance. In addition, for adequate regulation of naturally occurring substances, such as cobalt, its distribution among the population must be defined. In order to identify this distribution, plasma Cobalt was determined from 245 Standardbred horses with no cobalt supplementation from farms in New York and New Jersey, including horses at the Rutgers University Equine Science Center. Samples were analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Seven healthy, race fit Standardbreds (4 geldings, 3 mares, age: 5±3 years, ~500 kg) were used for the PED experiment. An incremental graded exercise test (GXT) to measure maximal aerobic capacity (V̇O2max) and markers of performance, measurement of plasma volume and blood volume as well as the measurement of lactate, erythropoietin (EPO), and various blood haematological factors were determined 7 days prior to cobalt administration. Each horse was administered a sterile solution of cobalt salts (50 mg of elemental Co as CoCl2 in 10 ml of saline, IV) at 9 AM on three consecutive days via the jugular vein. Blood samples were obtained from the contralateral jugular vein before and at 1, 2, 4 and 24 h after administration. Plasma and blood volume were measured one day after the last dose of cobalt, and a post administration GXT was performed the next day. Horses were observed for signs of adverse effects of the cobalt administration (agitation, sweating, increased respiration, etc.). Plasma cobalt concentration increased from a pre-administration mean of 1.6±0.6 to 369±28 μg/l following 3 doses of the cobalt solution (P0.05). There were no observed adverse effects. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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