Chemische Mechanik und Kinetik: die Bedeutung der mechanischen Wärmetheorie für die Theorie chemischer Reaktionen
| Autor: | Jutta Berger |
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| Rok vydání: | 1997 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Annals of Science. 54:567-584 |
| ISSN: | 1464-505X 0003-3790 |
| Popis: | Summary The first systematic studies on the velocity of chemical reactions (now called reaction rates) were published in the 1850s and 1860s. Inquiring about the course of chemical change, their authors established empirical equations on the basis of their measurement results. But these laws, which represented reaction velocities as proportional to the actual concentration of the reagents, could not be given a physical foundation. The chemists themselves regarded their propositions as mere ad hoc hypotheses. In 1867 Leopold Pfaundler formulated a qualitative theory of chemical processes based on Clausius's version of the kinetic gas theory (and more specifically on his theory of evaporation), and on Saint-Claire Deville's investigations of dissociation processes. Pfaundler's theory was based on farreaching analogies: between evaporation and dissociation; between the gaseous state and the activated state; and between evaporation- and chemical-equilibrium. Four points of Pfaundler's theory must be regarded ... |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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