Inflammation of the adipose tissue (Part 4). Obesity: a new infectious disease? (a literature review)
| Autor: | V Ia Shvarts |
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| Rok vydání: | 2011 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | Problems of Endocrinology. 57:63-71 |
| ISSN: | 2308-1430 0375-9660 |
| DOI: | 10.14341/probl201157563-71 |
| Popis: | This review considers the role of adenovirus 36, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, and Trypanosoma cruzi in pathogenesis of obesity. Infection with either of the three microorganisms leads to the development of obesity in animals. The infected people usually have antibodies to these bacteria. One of the causes of obesity is believed to be activation of the receptors of the innate immune system (TLR2 and TLR4) by certain factors of the microorganisms; these receptors are known to localize in the adipose tissue. Saturated fatty acids as well as lipoploysaccharides (components of the microbial cells) are the ligands of TLR2 and TLR4. Activation of TLR2 and TLR4 promotes the development of both inflammation in the adipose tissue and insulin resistance and thereby leads to obesity. The mechanism of action of activated TLR2 and TLR4 during microbial infection consists of the suppression of sensitivity of adipose, hepatic, and muscular cells to insulin in conjunction with the enhancement of the blood glucose and fatty acid levels to produce the energy-rich substrates necessary to maintain the immune processes. The fact that saturated fatty acids and components of microbial cells can function as ligands for the receptors of the innate immune system and induce identical reactions gives evidence of the possible cumulative action of both excessively consumed dietary items and certain species of microorganisms. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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