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Manganese (Mn, atomic number: 25) and its compounds are widely used in daily life to generate steel, iron, and aluminum alloys, and as an octane enhancer additive of nonlead gasoline. Manganese exists in many living organisms and acts as a cofactor for several enzymes, such as manganese superoxide dismutase, a critical scavenger of oxidative stress. The presence of manganese in industrial substances generates manganese fumes, in turn, leading to human exposure. Although manganese per se has a protective effect on neuronal cells, overexposure to manganese has been associated with neuronal disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, dystonia, parkinsonism, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This chapter provides an overview on the usage of manganese in modern applications and neurotoxicity of manganese nanoparticles. |
