Exporting Forest Loss? A Cross-National Analysis of the United States Export–Import Bank Financing in Low- and Middle-Income Nations
| Autor: | Jamie M. Sommer, John M. Shandra, Michael Restivo |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
Export–Import Bank Exploit 05 social sciences Geography Planning and Development International economics Management Monitoring Policy and Law Development 01 natural sciences 0506 political science Multinational corporation Dependency theory 050602 political science & public administration Business Low and middle income 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Cross national |
| Zdroj: | The Journal of Environment & Development. 29:245-269 |
| ISSN: | 1552-5465 1070-4965 |
| DOI: | 10.1177/1070496520908310 |
| Popis: | Dependency theory argues that due to unequal economic relationships, including exports, multinational corporations, and loans from multilateral lending institutions, high-income nations exploit the labor and resources of low- and middle-income nations. We extend this line of reasoning to the United States Export–Import Bank, as it has recently come under scrutiny for its lending in the forestry sector of low- and middle-income nations. Although this concern has been raised, we are not aware of any cross-national research that empirically evaluates if their investments adversely impact forests. Therefore, we examine the impact of the United States Export–Import Bank lending in the forestry sector on forest loss. Using a two-stage instrumental variable regression model to account for possible donor selection bias as well as ordinary least squares regression to analyze data for 78 low- and middle-income nations, we find that export credit agency financing is related to increased forest loss from 2001 to 2014. Our findings are consistent with dependency theory ideas that economic linkages with high-income nations increase forest loss in low- and middle-income nations. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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