| Popis: |
When a preening pup is placed in isolation for a brief period of time, it displays an increase in activity that includes the emission of vocalizations in the ultrasonic range (around 40 kHz). The vocal response to isolation is used to investigate early life communicatory, social, and affective behaviors. The present chapter covers three aspects of isolation-induced ultrasonic vocalizations: (1) Early life experiences that influence vocalization during isolation, including maternal behavior, postnatal enrichment or deprivation, and prenatal challenges. Life-span effects are described when reported. (2) Social stimuli during isolation that alter vocalizations. This section will describe contact quieting, suppression of vocalization in the presence of adult males, and maternal and paternal potentiation of ultrasonic calls. (3) The effects of selective breeding for high and low rates of isolation-induced vocalization, including changes in the communicative potential of ultrasonic calls and life-span effects on behavior. |
