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A new procedure is proposed for the effective conversion of biomass flash pyrolysis liquids (BFPLs) to transportation fuels. First, the hydrotreatment of a BFPL was studied, both in a thermal and in a catalytic mode. The thermal hydrogenation of BFPLs, a modification of the VEBA Combi Cracking process, is a low cost and low severity hydrogenation process without any operational problems. It has been proved to be the less sensitive hydrotreatment process with respect to BFPLs. The liquid product of this process cannot be used in the refinery without further upgrading. However, its heavy fraction, mixed with an aromatic hydrocarbonaceous feedstock (LCO) was considered as a potential FCC feedstock. The direct introduction of BFPLs in the FCC process was so far infeasible, because of their particularly high tendency to coke formation. Commercially available cracking catalysts were found to have an acceptable performance. Acceptable levels of coke on catalyst ( |
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