Cation-Enhanced Removal of Lead from Kaolinite by Electrokinetics
| Autor: | David K. Ryan, Theodore F. Coletta, Clifford J. Bruell, Hilary I. Inyang |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 1997 |
| Předmět: |
chemistry.chemical_classification
Environmental Engineering Chemistry Potassium Inorganic chemistry Center (category theory) Analytical chemistry chemistry.chemical_element Soil chemistry Divalent Ion Ionic strength Environmental Chemistry Kaolinite Magnesium ion General Environmental Science Civil and Structural Engineering |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Environmental Engineering. 123:1227-1233 |
| ISSN: | 1943-7870 0733-9372 |
| DOI: | 10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1997)123:12(1227) |
| Popis: | Natural solutions containing clay extracts and synthetic solutions with varying concentrations of Al{sup 3+}, Ca{sup 2+}, and Na{sup +} were used as anodic flushing solutions, and investigated for their enhanced in-situ removal of Pb from clay by electrokinetics (E-K). The experiments were conducted in a horizontal soil column apparatus with kaolin clay at an initial concentration of 340--410 {micro}g Pb/g clay (dry) and 80--83% moisture content. Natural flushing solutions were prepared by mixing water and clay in ratios varying from 2:1 to 40:1 by weight, and the supernatant was used as an anodic flushing solution. The 7:1 natural solution was the most effective in Pb removal. Synthetic solutions were prepared from the salts of Al{sup 3+}, Ca{sup 2+}, Na{sup +}, Mg{sup 2+}, and K{sup +} ions. Pb removal was highest at a solution ionic strength of {approximately} 0.001 M for each element group, and with trivalent Al{sup 3+} and divalent Ca{sup 2+} ions at concentrations of {approximately} 6.4 {times} 10{sup {minus}5} M and 3.1 {times} 10{sup {minus}4} M, respectively. The 5.5 {times} Ca synthetic solution had the highest overall Pb removal efficiency. Energy expenditure/unit volume of soil for all experiments was 8--31 kW {center_dot} h/m{sup 3}. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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