Effects of ship emissions on European ground-level ozone in 2020
| Autor: | Leonor Tarrasón, Heiko Klein, Jan Eiof Jonson, Chris Whall, Januz Cofala, Vigdis Vestreng |
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| Rok vydání: | 2009 |
| Předmět: | |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Remote Sensing. 30:4099-4110 |
| ISSN: | 1366-5901 0143-1161 |
| Popis: | In recent decades land-based emissions of air pollutants have been substantially reduced over Europe. At the same time emissions from shipping have continued to grow globally. Emissions from international shipping in sea areas surrounding Europe now contribute about 30% of the EU27 emissions of sulphur and NOx and affect ozone levels all over Europe. Although ozone levels are expected to decrease in most parts of Europe, prognoses for 2020 levels are still above what is considered as threshold values. A growing portion of these impacts can be attributed to emissions from international shipping. This paper presents an evaluation of the impacts on ozone levels in the European mainland due to emissions from international shipping. Calculations are carried out under recent (2004) conditions and for a scenario in 2020, where further emission reductions are applied to land based emissions while the ships emissions increase according to their expected growth in transport volumes, without additional technical red... |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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