Effects of pH increases and sodium chloride additions on the acute toxicity of 2,4-dichlorophenol to the fathead minnow
| Autor: | Gary L. Phipps, James T. Fiandt, Gary W. Holcombe |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 1980 |
| Předmět: |
Environmental Engineering
biology Ecological Modeling Sodium 2 4-Dichlorophenol chemistry.chemical_element Minnow Pollution Acute toxicity chemistry.chemical_compound chemistry Swimming behaviour biology.animal Environmental chemistry Fish Pimephales promelas Waste Management and Disposal Water Science and Technology Civil and Structural Engineering |
| Zdroj: | Water Research. 14:1073-1077 |
| ISSN: | 0043-1354 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/0043-1354(80)90155-4 |
| Popis: | The observable toxic effects produced by short-term exposure of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) to 2,4-dichlorophenol were reduced when the pH of the test water was increased by the addition of NaOH. After exposure for 192 h to 7.43 mg 2,4-dichlorophenol l-1, the average survival of fathead minnows ranged from 28% at pH 7.57 to 100% at pH 9.08. Normal schooling behaviour was completely disrupted, and the equilibrium of most fish was affected after a 24-h exposure to 7.43 mg 2,4-dichlorophenol 1-1 at pH 7.57, but neither schooling nor equilibrium were affected even after 192 h at pH 8.68 and 9.08. Schooling and swimming behaviour of fathead minnows exposed to 12.33 mg 2,4-dichlorophenol l-1 were affected at all pH levels. Survival of these fish after 24 h ranged from 0% at pH 7.84–46% at pH 8.81. Sodium chloride in concentrations ranging from 0 to 13.9 mg l-1 had no observable effects on the acute toxicity of 2,4-dichlorophenol to fathead minnows. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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