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Rechargeable batteries are an important enabling technology for clean energy systems. Low cost, high performance, and long-life batteries are essential for electric and hybrid vehicles; off-grid and micro-grid renewable energy systems; and for enabling increased amounts of renewable energy such as wind and solar onto the power grid. Substantial battery science and engineering research is being undertaken to improve both the materials chemistry and the systems aspects such as diagnostics and control. In this article, we concentrate on the engineering aspects of battery pack design, giving an overview of key rechargeable battery chemistries, and discussing issues associated with design, dynamic modeling, and battery management systems. Lithium-ion chemistries are a key focus owing to their high relative energy density and durability. Keywords: battery; battery management system; energy storage; modeling; electric vehicle; grid energy storage |
