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Sunflower is the most common crop in Ukraine. In terms of sunflower seed growing, our country is among the top three world leaders. The aim of the article is to study the possibility of increasing the productivity and improving the seed characteristics of sunflower seeds, the influence of growth regulators on the morphological characteristics of the studied lines, experimental hybrids, varieties and the possibility of improving traditional cultivation technologies. In the process of performing scientific work, introductory, special and general scientific research methods were used. The scientific novelty of the research is aimed at improving and enhancing the productive characteristics and economically useful traits of sunflower lines and hybrids, as well as assessing the feasibility of using growth regulators Fulvital Plus, Ecostim and Quadrostim on these genotypes and their individual reactions. Weather conditions in the period 2018-2020 were unstable and depended on the year. There was a significant impact of PGR on the formation of productivity (increase in the range of 0.7-38.1 % compared to control). The greatest positive impact was achieved on lines Skh808A and Skh1002A. These lines are characterized by high drought resistance and adaptability to adverse conditions in general and major diseases. High rates of PGR impact on experimental hybrids can be justified by the presence of heterosis, which in turn increases the number of dominant alleles in the plant, which help plants better adapt to environmental conditions. PGR had almost no effect on the studied sunflower cultivars, except for the Lakomka cultivar (productivity varied in the range of 82.4-50.9 g, compared to the control of 75.9 g). The slight effect of PGR on sunflower varieties may explain their inconsistency in the onset of developed phases, the period of onset of a certain phase in the population can vary from a few days to a week. The use of PGR Quadrostim was effective on experimental hybrids, except for the linear-varietal hybrid Skh808A×Shchelkunchyk, the oil content varied within the control over the years of research 50.8 % (control 20.7 %). The influence of the studied PGRs on the oil content in the seeds of self-pollinating sunflower lines was specific and varied depending on the genotype of the line and PGR. The practical value of the work is determined by the importance of its end results, both for seed production, breeding practice and for production. The influence of the studied PGRs had an individual nature of influence and varied depending on the genotype of the line, growth regulator and weather conditions surrounding the plants at the time of treatment and subsequent vegetation. |
