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In a comparative row of mammals (hedgehogs, rabbits, monkeys), the role of the opioid neuropeptide Met-encephalin (ME) and the hypothalamic neurohormone vasopressin (VP) was studied in possibility of compensation of disturbed higher nervous functions in organic and functional pathologies of the higher nervous activity. Administration of ME and VP under conditions of destruction of neocortex in hedgehogs was found to restore predominantly congenital forms of the nervous activity. In rabbits, on administration of VP, a tendency is revealed for restoration of acquired forms of the nervous activity; however, it is of a limited character. On administration of ME and VP under conditions of functional pathology a similar regularity in restoration of disturbed higher nervous functions is observed. Injection of ME and VP to hedgehogs produced a more pronounced and longer effect on unconditioned reflexes. The effect of low doses of VP on HNA is of short-term, generally facilitating character. In rabbits, on the background of VP, the memory processes (trace conditioned responses) are briefly restored and are enhanced. In monkeys, the effect of ME and VP on acquired forms of the nervous activity and on various functional systems is of differential character. The VP compensatory effects are more pronounced after administration of low VP doses. The effects of ME and VP on congenital forms of the nervous activity are negligible. The established regularities are discussed and interpreted from the viewpoint of the concepts postulated by A.I. Karamyan about evolution of the compensatory brain activity, evolution of neocortex, and an increase of its neuroplasticity. |
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