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Physical activity, sleep, affect, and purpose in life are part of a system that reflects wellbeing in daily life. A holistic understanding of the naturalistic dynamics of the interactions within this system is key to promoting wellbeing. Using self-reported affect (happy, sad, angry, anxious) and physical activity periods collected twice per day via smartphone-based experience sampling over 28 days as young adult participants (n = 226 young adults; M = 20.2 years, SD = 1.7 years; 75% women) went about their daily lives, we examined the within-day associations between physical activity and affect that form a network of wellness behaviors and outcomes. Adding once per day reports of sleep duration, sleep quality, and purpose in life, we additionally examined day-to-day temporal dynamics among physical activity, sleep, affect, and purpose in life. Multilevel modeling showed that when individuals reported engaging in more than their usual level of physical activity, they reported increased happy and reduced anxious affect at the next prompt. At the daily level, multilevel vector autoregressive models that consider the network of wellness together showed that higher physical activity on a given day predicted an increase of happy affect the next day. In parallel, higher sleep quality on a given night predicted a decrease in negative affective states the next day. We found that purpose in life predicted decreased sad, anxious, and angry affect up to two days later. Collectively, these findings suggest that while the effects of sleep and physical activity on affective states and purpose in life may be shorter term (up to one day), a sense of purpose in life is a critical component of wellbeing that can have slightly longer effects, bleeding into the next few days. |
