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Modern processors employ optimization techniques such as out-of-order and speculative execution to maximize the performance. However, they may leave observable side effects that leak the secrets of the system. This phenomenon has led to a proliferation of Spectre and Meltdown attack variants, and this trend will likely continue in the near future. While many makeshift countermeasures have been proposed, they are either not adequately effective or come with inadvertent consequences. New types of processors are designed to deal with these problems; however, those older ones in billions of devices that are currently being used cannot easily or even possibly be replaced. In this chapter, therefore, the authors provide a cross-platform, micro-agent detection system, which can detect four main types of Spectre variants and one variant of Meltdown in real-time in these devices. The empirical performance tests show that the micro-agent system and the in-built detection mechanisms are efficient and effective in detecting such attacks. |
