| Popis: |
We present the results of an extensive review of studies applying integrated food metrics to assess the health and environmental impacts of food, as well as of studies advancing definitions of the components and boundaries of healthy and sustainable food systems and diet. We review the literature in seven identified categories: assessments of health and environmental impacts of common diets, assessments of the environmental implications of shifting to healthier diets and vice-versa, optimization studies, assessments of the effect of following dietary quality indices on the environment, model diets and guiding frameworks, metrics frameworks for integrated food system impact assessments, and metrics frameworks for integrated dietary impact assessments. We critically discuss the approaches to metrics selection, the nature of metrics, the scale at which they operate, data sources, analytical methods, and target audiences. We conclude that there is a need for more holistic and systematic approaches to defining metrics of healthy and environmentally sustainable diets. Based on identified gaps, we propose a set of 10 criteria to guide the development of more integrated and systematic food metrics for human and environmental health in the future. |
