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This study aimed to identify the main factors causing landslide disasters using the analytical hierarchy process method and to determine the potential for a landslide disaster in the city of Sukabumi in West Java based on spatial analysis. This study investigated six landslide disaster factors: slope, rainfall, soil type, land use, the existence of a fault, and geological conditions. Then, the analytical hierarchy process method was used to calculate the weight of each of the factors contributing to a landslide and to determine the effect of landslides. The weight calculation results showed that rainfall had a weight value of 330 (35%); the weight values for the other investigated factors were: 234 (25%) for slope, 128 (14%) for land use, 94 (10%) for the presence of a fault, 87 (9%) for geological conditions, and 67 (7%) for soil type. Once the weight of each parameter that affects a landslide is obtained through the analytical hierarchy process method, it is possible to obtain the data about the factors that cause landslides due to overlay (stacking) by inserting the value for each weight. A geographic information system was used to generate a potential map of landslide disasters in the city of Sukabumi. Based on the results of spatial analysis, the areas around the city of Sukabumi have a high potential for experiencing a landslide. The landslide potential for this area was found to be high (59%) with a total overall reach of 2,876.99 ha. A moderate landslide potential (35%) would impact an area of 1,689.83 ha and a low landslide potential (7%) would impact an area of 320.00 ha. Rainfall was the major factor for the cause of a landslide in Sukabumi because rain water infiltrates the soil in the open slope (without vegetation cover) increasing the water content in the soil. When the soil becomes saturated, the weight of the soil increases and the burden on the slope also increases. |
