| Popis: |
Multiple primary malignancies are defined as those tumors that present themselves as distinct primary entities, and are themselves not metastases of the other lesion. Among the secondary tumors that occur with a higher incidence in cancer patients are melanoma, lung cancer, lymphoma, and renal cell carcinoma. One of the main reasons for the increased detection of prostate cancer, either as a primary tumor or as a secondary tumor, has been the use of increased prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing. There may be a small cohort of urologic cancer patients with other primary malignancies because of the increased aging population, increased world-wide incidence of obesity, increased exposure to numerous environmental causative agents, smoking, and certain genetic predispositions, which may be detected because of advanced technology in imaging. Vigilance for these multiple malignancies should rest initially with the primary care doctor. However, the subspecialist should also be on the alert, since it is usually the preoperative work-up that will uncover these additional tumors. |
