Investigations of the Baccharis Site and Extension Arizona Canal: Historic and Prehistoric Land Use Patterns in the Northern Salt River Valley
Autor: | Greenwald, David H. |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 1988 |
Předmět: |
Historic
Field House Farmstead Domestic Structure or Architectural Complex Rock-Filled Pit Hamlet / Village Figurine Agricultural or Herding Radiocarbon Dating Archaeological Feature Gila Butte Phase Funerary and Burial Structures or Features Canal or Canal Feature Hohokam Late 19th - Early 20th Century Fauna Ground Stone Pollen NA19 962 Archaeomagnetic Dating Site Evaluation / Testing Pit House / Earth Lodge Snaketown Phase Baccharis Site Arizona (State / Territory) Late Pioneer Period Domestic Structures Early Colonial Period Shade Structure / Ramada Shell Pre-classic period Records Search / Inventory Checking New River Maricopa (County) Trash Deposit Agua Fria Freeway Resource Extraction / Production / Transportation Structure or Features Fire Pit Chipped Stone Prehistoric Extension Arizona Canal Peoria AZ Salt River Valley Macrobotanical Settlements Ceramic Cremation Data Recovery / Excavation Pit Human Remains NA19 342 |
DOI: | 10.6067/xcv8428088 |
Popis: | This report presents the results of intensive data recovery through excavation of an early pre-Classic Hohokam site and an in-depth archival study of historic features, including the Extension Arizona Canal. The project was sponsored by the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) with the Museum of Northern Arizona (MNA) serving as consultants to ADOT for these archaeological and historical studies. Field work was conducted during May and June, 1987. Investigations of the Baccharis site, a late Pioneer/early Colonial period field house/farmstead site (ca. A.D. 600-800) located along New River, provided an opportunity to examine early Hohokam settlement and land use patterns in the northern periphery of the Hohokam region. The Baccharis site was used as a seasonally occupied site associated with agriculture and wild plant exploitation. Occupation was associated with a shifting residence pattern or seasonal round exploitation strategy. An explicit research design provided the direction of study which focused upon topics related to site and regional questions. Topics at the site level were concerned with social organization through time, types of subsistence strategies employed, identification and determination of a site chronology, and burial practices. On a broader scope, questions concerned with how the Baccharis site fit into the settlement pattern of the northern periphery and how the site may have been related to the Salt-Gila core area and the Palo Verde Community were posed. The Baccharis site was occupied during the Snaketown and Gila Butte phases and served as a field house/farmstead site for single families or small corporate groups. Radiocarbon dates, archaeomagnetic intervals and the ceramic assemblage provided, generally, complementary data. Botanical evidence supports both corn agriculture and wild plant procurement as subsistence strategies. The historic investigations represent the first detailed study of the Extension Arizona Canal, a segment of the Arizona Canal, dating to ca. 1893-1912, and examine the events leading to its construction, use and abandonment. These investigations have provided the opportunity to study both historic and prehistoric land use patterns in the northern Salt River Valley. Hohokam subsistence strategies during the early pre-Classic period parallel strategies used in the core areas prior to extensive development of canal systems. Although corn agriculture was practiced, the means by which this was accomplished could not be determined with the narrow limits of the freeway corridor. Occupation of the Baccharis site may have occurred during a period settlement expansion into the northern periphery, at a time when permanent settlements had not yet been established along New River. The Baccharis site may have been used by groups who maintained ties with villages located along the Salt River, returning to the riverine villages as part of the seasonal-round subsistence pattern. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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