Refrigeration Below 1 Kelvin

Autor: Haishan Cao
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Zdroj: Journal of Low Temperature Physics. 204:175-205
ISSN: 1573-7357
0022-2291
Popis: There is a growing demand for refrigeration techniques to reach temperatures below 1 K because these temperatures are critical for a wide range of rapidly developing applications, mainly in the fields of quantum information science, electromagnetic radiation detection, dark matter search and condensed matter physics. A number of methods exist for realizing these temperatures, including 3He-based cooling (3He evaporation, dilution refrigeration and Pomeranchuk cooling), solid-state cooling (electron demagnetization, nuclear demagnetization and tunnel junction cooling), laser cooling and evaporative cooling among others. Here, this study presents basic principles of these methods and summarizes the corresponding advances in operating temperature ranges and cooling capacities, with the goal of identifying each method’s pros and cons. It is concluded with discussions of the challenges with these methods and key points for improving their performance.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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