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State-and-transition models (STMs) are synthetic descriptions of the dynamics of the vegetation and surface soils occurring within specifi c ecological sites.1 STMs consist of a diagram and narratives that describe these dynamics and evidence for the causes.1 STMs are developed using a broad array of evidence including historical information, local and professional knowledge, general ecological knowledge, and monitoring and experimental data from a specifi c ecological site or similar sites. STMs are used to develop and apply adaptive management strategies.2,3 Specifi cally, ecological sites and STMs should be designed to assist land managers with the following tasks |
