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Background: Mangifera casturi Kosterm. is an endemic local mango fruit from Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia. The limited genetic information available on this fruit has severely limited the scope of research into its genetic variation and phylogeny. This study aimed to collect genomic information from M. casturi using next-generation sequencing technology and to develop microsatellite markers and perform Sanger sequencing for DNA barcoding analysis.Results: The clean reads of the Kasturi accession of M. casturi were assembled de novo using a Ray assembler, producing 259,872 scaffolds with an N50 value of 1,445 bp. Fourteen polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed from 11,040 sequences containing microsatellite motifs. In total, 55 alleles were produced, and the mean number of alleles per locus was 3.93. Results from the microsatellite marker analysis revealed broad genetic variation in M. casturi. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using internal transcribed spacers (ITS), matK, rbcL, and trnH-psbA. The phylogenetic tree of chloroplast markers showed that Kasturi, Mawar, Pelipisan, Pinari, and Hambawang belong to one group, with M. indica as the female ancestor. In comparison, the phylogenetic tree of ITS markers indicated several Mangifera species as multiple ancestors of M. casturi. Conclusions: This study strongly suggested that M. casturi originated from the cross-hybridization of multiple ancestors. Further, crossing the F1 hybrids of M. indica and M. quadrifida with other Mangifera spp. was hypothesized to produce the observed high genetic variation. The genetic information for this fruit is also a resource for the breeding and improvement as well as for conservation studies of this species. |
