Nuclear orientation and nuclear cooling experiements in Oxford and Helsinki Part 1. Progress before 1940

Autor:	O. V. Lounasmaa, B. Bleaney
Rok vydání:	2003
Předmět:	Superconductivity Physics Demagnetizing field chemistry.chemical_element Mechanical engineering Magnetic susceptibility Nuclear physics History and Philosophy of Science chemistry Magnetic refrigeration Adiabatic process Absolute zero Helium Nuclear orientation
Zdroj:	Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London. 57:317-322
ISSN:	0035-9149
Popis:	This paper reviews early developments in the method of adiabatic demagnetization (magnetic cooling) for reaching temperatures below 1 K. Experimental research at Leiden started under Kamerlingh Onnes in 1882; he liquefied helium in 1908 and discovered superconductivity in 1911. Work at Oxford began in the 1920s, and increased substantially when immigration brought physicists from Europe in the 1930s. Experimental research on magnetic cooling was aided by theoretical papers from Harvard by Van Vleck in 1937 and by Hebb and Purcell in 1937. They provided the corrections needed for crystal field and dipolar interactions, which affect the determination of the absolute temperature from the magnetic susceptibility. † Deceased.
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
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