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Publisher Summary The basic mechanisms of membrane trafficking, the functions of the biosynthetic secretary, and endocytic pathways in the nervous system are described in this chapter. Eukaryotic cells have evolved as a complex intracellular membrane organization. This organization is partially achieved by compartmentalization of cellular processes within specialized membrane-bounded organelles. Each organelle has a unique protein and lipid composition. This internal membrane system allows cells to perform two essential functions: to sort and deliver fully processed membrane proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates to specific intracellular compartments, the plasma membrane, and the cell exterior, and to uptake macromolecules from the cell exterior. The biosynthetic secretary pathway is responsible for protein sorting and delivery, and allows among other functions, for cell-to-cell communication through secreted products. This delivery process starts at the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and finishes in the cell plasma membrane, or in some cases, in specific intracellular organelles. Glial cells also require extensive, albeit less diverse, intracellular membrane trafficking activity. This includes the delivery of myelin-associated proteins during both the generation and maintenance of myelin. |
