Role of Helicobacter pylori-induced Antralization in Gastric Carcinogenesis and its Implications in Clinical Practice
| Autor: | Harry Hua-Xiang Xia, Xing-Xiang He, Ran Zhang, Zhi-Ning Ye |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
endocrine system
medicine.medical_specialty biology business.industry Atrophic gastritis digestive oral and skin physiology Intestinal metaplasia Helicobacter pylori medicine.disease biology.organism_classification digestive system Gastroenterology digestive system diseases medicine.anatomical_structure Dysplasia Internal medicine Metaplasia Gastric mucosa Medicine Helicobacter Gastritis medicine.symptom business |
| Zdroj: | Exploratory Research and Hypothesis in Medicine. :1-9 |
| ISSN: | 2472-0712 |
| Popis: | The aim of this article was to review the roles of Helicobacter pylori-induced antralization in gastric carcinogenesis and its implications in clinical practice. A search of PubMed/PubMed Central, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure was performed in December 2018 to retrieve all literature related to antralization (or antralisation), pyloric (or pseudopyloric) glands, pyloric (or pseudopyloric) metaplasia, or pyloric (or pseudopyloric) gland metaplasia, and spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (or SPEM). Among the synonyms, antralization and SPEM, which are derived in the same mechanisms at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels, are more commonly used in recent studies. Antralization (or SPEM) is associated with H. pylori infection, atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia, while H. pylori eradication may reverse antralization. It is proposed that H. pylori infection leads to inflammation in the gastric mucosa and apoptosis of the epithelial cells of the proximal stomach, including gastric incisura, body and fundus. The stem cells proliferate and transform into mucous cells and form antral-type mucosa (i.e. antralization). Subsequently, H. pylori-induced antralization, if not controlled, may develop into atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and early intestinal-type gastric cancer. Although many biomarkers, including the spasmolytic polypeptide and mucin 6, are specifically expressed in the gastric mucosa with antralization, none of them are evaluated for the clinical diagnosis of antralization. H. pylori-induced antralization (or SPEM) is believed to be an initiating and reversible stage of gastric carcinogenesis. Identification of antralization would help make an early intervention to cease or even reverse the process toward the development of gastric cancer. Currently, the “gold standard” for diagnosing antralization is pathology, which is invasive and time consuming. A non-invasive and convenient method that accurately and specifically diagnoses antralization is urgently required. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|