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Soil, in particular, is subjected to a wide range of xenobiotics such as chemical fertilizers, pesticides, solid wastes, heavy metals, solvents, and hydrocarbons. The biological treatment methods differ according to the nature of the target pollutant and according to the nature of the contaminating environment. Nanomaterials have unique properties as a result of their small size and increased surface area, which in turn give unique functions to the different applications used in them, including biological soil treatment processes. Therefore the interest in applying nanotechnology in biological soil treatment may contribute significantly to improving the environment and reducing pollutants surrounding humans. In this chapter different biological processes relevant to xenobiotic degradation in soil have been discussed. The concept of nanobioremediation and the role of nanomaterials in different bioremediation processes in soil for contaminated soil also have been included. In addition, the chapter also includes the concept of nanoparticles biosynthesis for application in the field of bioremediation. |
