| Popis: |
Remote hybridization played an important role in increasing winter hardiness and promoting winter wheat to Non-black earth regions. The most promising direction of remote hybridization was the crossing of wheat with wild relatives. The results on remote hybridization of Triticum aestivum L. with wild cereals, such as Agropyron glaucum (Desf. ex DC) Roem. and Schult. and Agr. elongatum (Host) Beauv., Elymus farctus (Viv.) Runemark. ex Melderis, Leymus mollis (Trin.) Pilg., are considered. As a result of interspecific crosses with subsequent backcrossing, a large hybrid fund was created, including a variety of wheat-wheatgrass hybrids (WWH) of both intermediate and wheat types. For the period 2013 – 2019, winter hardiness was studied in 209 samples of winter WWH. The most unfavorable conditions for overwintering occurred in 2013, 2017, and 2019 — in these years there was a high positive correlation between the indicators of winter hardiness of the studied varieties and their productivity. In these years, the level of overwintering in spring was estimated at an average of 2.2 to 3.3 points, and the correlation coefficient between the winter hardiness index and the final yield was r = 0.59 – 0.78. Samples that showed good winter hardiness even in the most unfavorable years were selected: Ineya, Rubezhnaya, PPG-260, PPG-283, PPG-284, PPG-255, PPG-278, PPG-280, PPG-281. It is shown that the origin of these varieties involves either perennial wheat, including the genetic material of wheatgrass or T. aestivum Ч Leymus mollis hybrids. The prospects of remote hybridization of wheat with wild cereals in winter hardiness selection under non-chernozem conditions are proved. |
