| Popis: |
The production of polymers in the present society has relied heavily on fossil resources. It is not impossible to imagine the world without plastic-based materials. The production of plastic globally has surpassed 8300 million metric tons that utilized around 7% of fossil fuels. The limited availability of fossil-based sources has driven the research and development to find out alternative sources for the synthesis of polymers. In this regard lignocellulosic biomass is an interesting feedstock for the synthesis of polymers. However, the overall production cost of the as-synthesized sustainable polymers is the major obstacle that needs to be addressed. This chapter described the sustainable bio-catalytic pathways for the production of four important sustainable vinyl monomers: itaconic acid, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and styrene. Annual production of these monomers exceeds 26 million tons, albeit from non-renewable feedstocks. They provide the backbone to produce polyesters, polyacrylates, polystyrene adhesives, protective coatings, paints, resins, rubbers, and other copolymers. |
