Chemical, Physical, and Risk Characterization of Natural Gas Storage Produced Waters
| Autor: | James W. Castle, Brenda M. Johnson, Laura E. Kanagy, John H. Rodgers |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2008 |
| Předmět: |
Natural gas storage
Environmental Engineering Brackish water Waste management business.industry Chemistry Ecological Modeling Aquatic ecosystem Environmental engineering Pollution Produced water Salinity Natural gas Environmental Chemistry Metalloid business Chemical composition Water Science and Technology |
| Zdroj: | Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. 191:33-54 |
| ISSN: | 1573-2932 0049-6979 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s11270-007-9605-8 |
| Popis: | Natural gas storage produced waters (NGSPWs) are brought to the surface when natural gas is reclaimed from underground storage. These waters may have a variety of constituents of concern that need to be treated before the water can be reused or discharged to receiving aquatic systems. The objective of this study was to characterize NGSPWs to discern potential constituents of concern that may limit surface discharge or beneficial reuse of these waters. We conducted a strategic review of literature, analyses of produced water composition records, and analyses of produced water samples provided by natural gas storage companies. Although NGSPWs varied widely in composition, primary constituents of concern included: chlorides (salinity), metals, metalloids, and organic compounds (e.g. oil and grease). Chlorides are the predominant constituent of concern in most NGSPWs. Strategies for risk mitigation of NGSPWs will need to be both robust and site specific to deal with the diverse composition of these waters. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
Full text from SpringerLink