High Speed LED-to-Camera Communication using Color Shift Keying with Flicker Mitigation
| Autor: | Parth H. Pathak, Pengfei Hu, Huanle Zhang, Zhicheng Yang, Prasant Mohapatra |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Computer Networks and Communications
business.industry Computer science Transmitter ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION Rolling shutter 020206 networking & telecommunications 02 engineering and technology Communications system law.invention law 0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering RGB color model Electrical and Electronic Engineering Image sensor business Mobile device Software Computer hardware Light-emitting diode |
| Zdroj: | IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing. 19:1603-1617 |
| ISSN: | 2161-9875 1536-1233 |
| DOI: | 10.1109/tmc.2019.2913832 |
| Popis: | LED-to-camera communication allows LEDs deployed for illumination purposes to modulate and transmit data which can be received by camera sensors available in mobile devices like smartphones, wearable smart-glasses, etc. Such communication has a unique property that a user can visually identify a transmitter (i.e., LED) and specifically receive information from the transmitter. It can support a variety of novel applications such as augmented reality through mobile devices, navigation using smart signs, fine-grained location specific advertisement, etc. However, the achievable data rate in current LED-to-camera communication techniques remains very low to support any practical application. In this paper, we present $\mathsf {ColorBars}$ ColorBars , an LED-to-camera communication system that utilizes Color Shift Keying (CSK) to modulate data using different colors transmitted by the LED. It exploits the increasing popularity of Tri-LEDs (RGB) that can emit a wide range of colors. We show that commodity cameras can efficiently and accurately demodulate the color symbols. $\mathsf {ColorBars}$ ColorBars ensures flicker-free and reliable communication even in the presence of inter-frame loss and diversity of rolling shutter cameras. We implement $\mathsf {ColorBars}$ ColorBars on embedded platform and evaluate it with Android and iOS smartphones as receivers. Our evaluation shows that $\mathsf {ColorBars}$ ColorBars can achieve a data rate of 7.7 Kbps on Nexus 5, 3.7 Kbps on iPhone 5S, and 2.9 Kbps on Samsung Note8. It is also shown that lower CSK modulations (e.g., four and eight CSK) provide extremely low symbol error rates ( $ 10 - 3 ), making them a desirable choice for reliable LED-to-camera communication. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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