| Popis: |
The Indian freight transport market is steadily growing, with road-based freight transport constituting 63% of total freight volumes. The average speed of trucks on Indian roads, however, is only about 20 km/h, which allows to cover 250–300 km a day, compared to 700–800 km in developed countries. Delays at toll plazas, check-posts by enforcement departments and other operational issues further add about 15% to trip expenses. Recently, the need was recognized to identify freight transport policies and pursue a rapid deployment of improvements. Creation of new data and models was needed to support planners with predicting freight movements and designing informed policies. In the present chapter, a new urban freight transport model is presented for the city of Delhi, India. A four-stage model was developed considering trip generation, trip distribution, modal split and trip assignment. The model uses newly observed freight, fleet and trip characteristics, as well as socioeconomic and land-use data. The model was applied to evaluate several transport policies. While access measures in the form of freight hubs and entry restrictions are predicted to increase overall emission levels, fleet renewal measures such as electrification and vehicle age restrictions promise to be most effective. |
