Virus-encoded microRNAs: a new chapter in virus–host cell interactions

Autor:	Rolf Renne, Mark A. Samols
Rok vydání:	2006
Předmět:	Genetics Regulation of gene expression Lin-4 microRNA precursor viruses Biology medicine.disease_cause biology.organism_classification Virus Virology microRNA medicine Gene silencing Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus Gene Caenorhabditis elegans
Zdroj:	Future Virology. 1:233-242
ISSN:	1746-0808 1746-0794
DOI:	10.2217/17460794.1.2.233
Popis:	MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a paradigm shift in how gene regulation is viewed. Only 21–24 bases long, these noncoding RNAs regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by binding to target genes and silencing their expression. Originally discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans in 1993, miRNAs have been found in a wide variety of organisms including nematodes, mammals and plants. In 2004, Epstein–Barr virus, was the first virus shown to encode and express miRNAs. Recently, miRNAs have also been cloned from Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, mouse γ-herpesvirus-68 and human cytomegalovirus. In addition, SV40 and SA12 both express two miRNAs from a single hairpin, and the SV40 miRNA have been shown to negatively regulate large T-antigen expression. This review will summarize recent findings on the discovery, prediction, expression and potential functions of virally encoded miRNAs. Finally, some hypotheses on how these novel regulators may contribute to viral biology will also be presented.
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
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