| Popis: |
The purpose of this review is to briefly summarize the causes of common mass lesions, cysts, and sinuses in children, with focus on the presentation, initial workup, and referral to a specialist when necessary. The majority of this field has been stable over recent years. However, advances have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of vascular anomalies, particularly hemangioma. Ultrasonography has continued to evolve in accuracy and breadth of application, becoming the imaging modality of choice for many of these lesions. Mass lesions in children can be divided into those found primarily in the head and neck, and those affecting all other areas. Head and neck lesions can often be diagnosed using only history and physical examination. Based on anatomic landmarks, the practitioner can differentiate between the most common congenital lesions, as well as acquired lymphadenopathy. Masses elsewhere in the body can also frequently be diagnosed clinically in children, but the judicious use of imaging is a valuable adjunct. The management of pediatric masses varies greatly depending on the underlying diagnosis, and it is important to counsel families on the option of non-operative treatment when appropriate. |
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