Omega 3 fatty acids in psychiatry: Myth and reality
| Autor: | Jelena Đordević, Aleksandra M. Pavlović, Dragan M. Pavlović |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
chemistry.chemical_classification
medicine.medical_specialty business.industry Dopaminergic food and beverages Fatty acid medicine.disease Serotonergic Eicosapentaenoic acid Reference Daily Intake Endocrinology chemistry Docosahexaenoic acid Schizophrenia Internal medicine medicine lipids (amino acids peptides and proteins) business Polyunsaturated fatty acid |
| Zdroj: | Engrami. 42:44-57 |
| ISSN: | 0351-2665 |
| DOI: | 10.5937/engrami2001044p |
| Popis: | Omega 3 fatty acids are long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs). The basic molecule is the Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) from which LC-PUFAs are formed: eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). DHA is the predominant fatty acid in the brain especially in synaptic membranes, astrocytes, myelin and organelle membranes. LC-PUFAs lead to increased membrane fluidity and permeability, and most of the positive effects depend on immunomodulatory activities, via mechanisms of gene expression, cell signaling, and membrane organization. Previous studies in animal models have shown that LC-PUFAs are essential for normal dopaminergic, glutamatergic and serotonergic neurotransmission. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the role of PUFAs as an effective adjuvant therapy for unipolar and bipolar depression. Lack of omega 3 fatty acids plays a role in the onset of anxiety and aggression. Low omega 3 fatty acids in the prefrontal cortex of people with schizophrenia reduce dopaminergic neurotransmission, contributing to negative and neurocognitive symptoms, while subsequent disinhibition in the limbic system causes positive symptoms. Some evidence suggests that LC-PUFA may delay or even prevent the progression of particular psychotic disorders in high-risk children and adolescents. Epidemiological studies have shown a positive correlation between the relatively high intake of DHA and EPA and the lower relative risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia or their progression. The recommended daily intake of EPA and DHA varies significantly: 300-500 mg/day as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), up to 1-2 grams/day in Norway. Daily intakes of EPA and DHA up to 3 grams are generally recognized as safe. EPA and DHA at doses greater than 3 grams per day can have side effects: an increase in bleeding frequency, oxidation of n-3PUFAs with the formation of biologically active oxidation products, and more. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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