| Popis: |
A previous report described significant differences between males and females in the shape of the tongue during the production of vowels (Vick et al., 2014). The purpose of the present study was to understand the influence of palate morphology on these measured differences in tongue shape. This study examined tongue movements in consonant-vowel-consonant sequences drawn from words in phrases as produced by 32 participants, including 12 adults (6m, 6f) and 20 children (2m and 2f at each age of 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 years). Movements of four points on the tongue were tracked at 100 Hz using the Wave Electromagnetic Speech Research System (NDI, Waterloo, ON, CA). Palate curvature measures were derived from a hard palate trace made with a 6dof probe sensor. The phrases produced included the vowels /i/, /I/, /ae/, and /u/ in words (i.e., “see,” sit,” cat,” and “zoo”). The horizontal curvature of the tongue was calculated at the trajectory speed minimum associated with the vowel production using a least-squares... |
