Laser speckle imaging identification of increases in cortical microcirculatory blood flow induced by motor activity during awake craniotomy

Autor:	Hester C Hulscher, Rutger K. Balvers, Arnaud J P E Vincent, Jan Bakker, Can Ince, Clemens M F Dirven, Eva Klijn, Wim P.J. Holland
Rok vydání:	2013
Předmět:	medicine.medical_specialty business.industry Dura mater medicine.medical_treatment Laser Speckle Imaging Blood flow Brain mapping medicine.anatomical_structure Cerebral blood flow medicine Wakefulness Neurosurgery business Neuroscience Craniotomy Biomedical engineering
Zdroj:	Journal of Neurosurgery. 118:280-286
ISSN:	1933-0693 0022-3085
DOI:	10.3171/2012.10.jns1219
Popis:	Object The goal of awake neurosurgery is to maximize resection of brain lesions with minimal injury to functional brain areas. Laser speckle imaging (LSI) is a noninvasive macroscopic technique with high spatial and temporal resolution used to monitor changes in capillary perfusion. In this study, the authors hypothesized that LSI can be useful as a noncontact method of functional brain mapping during awake craniotomy for tumor removal. Such a modality would be an advance in this type of neurosurgery since current practice involves the application of invasive intraoperative single-point electrocortical (electrode) stimulation and measurements. Methods After opening the dura mater, patients were woken up, and LSI was set up to image the exposed brain area. Patients were instructed to follow a rest-activation-rest protocol in which activation consisted of the hand-clenching motor task. Subsequently, exposed brain areas were mapped for functional motor areas by using standard electrocortical stimulation (ECS). Changes in the LSI signal were analyzed offline and compared with the results of ECS. Results In functional motor areas of the hand mapped with ECS, cortical blood flow measured using LSI significantly increased from 2052 ± 818 AU to 2471 ± 675 AU during hand clenching, whereas capillary blood flow did not change in the control regions (areas mapped using ECS with no functional activity). Conclusions The main finding of this study was that changes in laser speckle perfusion as a measure of cortical microvascular blood flow when performing a motor task with the hand relate well to the ECS map. The authors have shown the feasibility of using LSI for direct visualization of cortical microcirculatory blood flow changes during neurosurgery.
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
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