| Popis: |
Life depends on water as much as it depends on air. Water received as rainfall gets collected in various storages and flows through the rivers. It is this water which has to be measured and managed to sustain adequate supplies for various uses and users (including plants and animals). To manage supply of water, accurate measurements on its availability are fundamental. Measurements depend on rainfall and types of various surfaces on which it falls. In the present work, various surfaces are mapped separately under four themes - lithology, geomorphology, soils and land use and using rainfall and various run-off coefficients average annual surface water yield is calculated for both the Indus and Ganga river basins within India. Various aspects of river systems are discussed in brief vis-a-vis lithology, geomorphology and soils. The paper as a corollary proves a point on the need of high accuracy measurements from large scale/high resolution maps and data. To some extent the location and nature of surface water bodies (rivers, lakes, tanks, and reservoirs) are controlled by the geology and geomorphology (land forms) of the area and some data is provided on this aspect as well of the study region. |
