| Popis: |
This chapter provides an overview of the anatomy and function of the spinal cord, dorsal root ganglion, and vertebral bodies. The role of discography, including benefits and risks, in pain medicine is discussed. Procedures used for the management of radicular and non-radicular spinal pain are described such as epidurals (cervical, thoracic, lumbar), epiduroscopy, and epidurolysis. Simple and advanced neuromodulation techniques used in pain management are explained, Therefore, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and more complex procedures such as cordotomy, intrathecal drug delivery systems, and spinal cord stimulation are described, including indications, contraindications and associated complications. |
