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Bowers, J., Boursiquot, J.M., This, P., Chu, K., Johansson, H. and Meredith, C. (1999) Historical genetics: the parentage of Chardonnay, Gamay, and other wine grapes of Northeastern France, Science 285, 1562–1565Individual grapevines of a cultivar are vegetatively propagated and so are genetically identical. In France, this has led to ethnic cleansing of the winegrape population, with superior cultivars being selected and accorded great status. Lovers of the underdog will therefore be delighted to learn that DNA fingerprint analysis has now determined that a variety of grape ‘Gouais blanc’, which was considered mediocre and is no longer planted, is in fact a parent of some of the most highly regarded varieties in cultivation today. Analysis of microsatellite loci from >300 grape cultivars revealed that such classic cultivars as ‘Gamay noir’, ‘Chardonnay’ and ‘Melon’ are the progeny of ‘Pinot noir’ and ‘Gouais blanc’. The results also indicate that ‘Pinot noir’ and ‘Gouais blanc’ share relatively few alleles at the loci studied, suggesting that they are genetically dissimilar and that heterosis might have contributed to the success of the progeny.In addition to informing us about the parentage of these wines, this study will help in planning germplasm collections, and the genetic distance between the two parents might be informative in the context of future breeding programmes. |
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