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Recently, nanomaterials (especially nano-biomaterials) have remarkably attracted attention of researchers for their wide and promising applications in different technologies. Their small size and shape versatility, capability of controlling the release at the targeted site, and capability for selectively loading of a wide ranges of drug molecules, provide phytonanotechnology as a unique opportunity in protection, modification, and productivity of plants and smart delivery of agrochemical. Delivery of particular bioactive to manipulate plant breeding and genetic transformation and decrease of nutrient losses from fertilizers are some of other applications of this technology. However, despite these exciting advancements in the phytonanotechnology, several further studies are needed to overcome the drawbacks of using the nanostructures in plants. Different levels of modifications in the morphology of nanoparticles, their solubility, and sensitivity to pH are yet required to achieve desired formulations. In addition, several studies should focus on the interactions of these nanostructures with cell wall (to facilitate their transfer across cell walls and other barriers), the toxicity and trophic transfer of these particles under environmentally realistic and relevant conditions (to ensure both the safe use and social acceptance of phytonanotechnology). After a profound search on the recent advances in synthesize and utilization of nanoparticles in plants, based on our findings in this area, the limitations and deficiencies of these systems would be evident. This chapter has been prepared to provide an overview about the most recent and possible future advancements and efforts to overcome the drawbacks of engineered nanomaterials. |
