Hydrate plug prevention by anti-agglomeration
| Autor: | Zhongxin Huo, M Lamar, B Sannigrahi, E.D. Sloan, Erik M. Freer, Daniel M. Knauss |
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| Rok vydání: | 2001 |
| Předmět: |
Substitute natural gas
Chromatography Chemistry business.industry Applied Mathematics General Chemical Engineering General Chemistry Dispersant Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering chemistry.chemical_compound Volume (thermodynamics) Chemical engineering Natural gas Phase (matter) Hydrate business Dispersion (chemistry) Octane |
| Zdroj: | Chemical Engineering Science. 56:4979-4991 |
| ISSN: | 0009-2509 |
| Popis: | Dispersing hydrates into a condensate phase by anti-agglomerants is an alternative to kinetic or thermodynamic inhibitors to prevent hydrate plug formation in a gas production pipeline. In this work, both commercially available surfactants and synthesized anti-agglomerants were tested in high-pressure apparatuses at typical pipeline conditions. Candidates from families of commercially available surfactants, chosen based on their hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB), were tested in an H2O-hydrocarbon mixture of 30% water and 70% octane (volume). It was found that, at 3 wt % of the water mass with a synthetic natural gas, some commercial surfactants (Span 20, Span 40, Span 60, Span 80) could keep hydrate particles suspended in a range of condensate types and shear numbers at 4°C and 8.27 MPa . However, a synthesized chemical dodecyl-2-(2-caprolactamyl) ethanamide was a more efficient dispersant at 0.75 wt % of the water mass. Both synthesized and commercial chemicals passed 5-day shut-in tests based upon torque measurements and visual hydrate observations. Flow-loop testing is needed to extend this work to field applications. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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